Uterine Fibroids

Uterine fibroids are non-cancerous (benign) growths that develop in or around the uterus. They are one of the most common gynecological conditions affecting women, especially during reproductive years. Fibroids can vary in size—from very small, undetectable nodules to large masses that can distort the shape of the uterus.

Although fibroids are not life-threatening, they can significantly affect a woman’s quality of life depending on their size, number, and location.

Types of Uterine Fibroids

Fibroids are classified based on where they grow in the uterus:

• Intramural Fibroids: Located within the muscular wall of the uterus
• Submucosal Fibroids: Grow into the inner cavity of the uterus
• Subserosal Fibroids: Develop on the outer surface of the uterus
• Pedunculated Fibroids: Attached to the uterus by a thin stalk

Causes of Uterine Fibroids

The exact cause of fibroids is not fully understood, but several factors may contribute:

• Hormonal Influence: Estrogen and progesterone promote fibroid growth
• Genetic Factors: Family history increases risk
• Age: Common in women aged 30–50
• Lifestyle Factors: Obesity, diet, and stress may play a role

Treatment Options

Treatment depends on symptoms, size of fibroids, and future pregnancy plans.

• 1. Medications
  - Hormonal therapy to regulate menstrual cycle
  - Pain relief medications
• 2. Minimally Invasive Procedures
  - Laparoscopic Myomectomy: Removal of fibroids with small incisions
  - Hysteroscopic Myomectomy: For fibroids inside the uterus
  - Uterine Artery Embolization (UAE): Shrinks fibroids by cutting blood supply
• 3. Surgical Treatment
  - Myomectomy: Removes fibroids while preserving the uterus
  - Hysterectomy: Complete removal of uterus (for severe cases)